TFH 1/11: Captain Harold A. Fritz, USA

Harold Fritz was born on February 11, 1944 in Chicago, IL. His service to our Nation in the Army began in 1966. On this day in 1969, he was a First Lieutenant with the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment serving in Vietnam. When the armored column Fritz was commanding was ambushed, he unquestionably demonstrated that leadership is from the front, and that one man can turn the tide of battle. For his gallantry, he received our Nation's highest honor.

From Medal of Honor Citations for the Vietnam War:

FRITZ, HAROLD A.

Rank and organization: Captain, U.S. Army, Troop A, 1st Squadron, 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment. Place and date: Binh Long Province, Republic of Vietnam, 11 January 1969. Entered service at: Milwaukee, Wis. Born: 21 February 1944, Chicago, 111. Citation: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty. Capt. (then 1st Lt.) Fritz, Armor, U.S. Army, distinguished himself while serving as a platoon leader with Troop A, near Quan Loi. Capt. Fritz was leading his 7-vehicle armored column along Highway 13 to meet and escort a truck convoy when the column suddenly came under intense crossfire from a reinforced enemy company deployed in ambush positions. In the initial attack, Capt. Fritz' vehicle was hit and he was seriously wounded. Realizing that his platoon was completely surrounded, vastly outnumbered, and in danger of being overrun, Capt. Fritz leaped to the top of his burning vehicle and directed the positioning of his remaining vehicles and men. With complete disregard for his wounds and safety, he ran from vehicle to vehicle in complete view of the enemy gunners in order to reposition his men, to improve the defenses, to assist the wounded, to distribute ammunition, to direct fire, and to provide encouragement to his men. When a strong enemy force assaulted the position and attempted to overrun the platoon, Capt. Fritz manned a machine gun and through his exemplary action inspired his men to deliver intense and deadly fire which broke the assault and routed the attackers. Moments later a second enemy force advanced to within 2 meters of the position and threatened to overwhelm the defenders. Capt. Fritz, armed only with a pistol and bayonet, led a small group of his men in a fierce and daring charge which routed the attackers and inflicted heavy casualties. When a relief force arrived, Capt. Fritz saw that it was not deploying effectively against the enemy positions, and he moved through the heavy enemy fire to direct its deployment against the hostile positions. This deployment forced the enemy to abandon the ambush site and withdraw. Despite his wounds, Capt. Fritz returned to his position, assisted his men, and refused medical attention until all of his wounded comrades had been treated and evacuated. The extraordinary courage and selflessness displayed by Capt. Fritz, at the repeated risk of his own life above and beyond the call of duty, were in keeping with the highest traditions of the U.S. Army and reflect the greatest credit upon himself, his unit, and the Armed Forces. 

Harold Fritz retired from the Army in 1993 with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel after 27 years of honorable service. He is still living.

His Vietnam-era unit, the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, today has the vital role of the "opposing force" at the National Training Center, Fort Irwin, CA. The NTC's role is to provide realistic combined arms training for the fighting units of the Army as preparation for actual combat. 

2011 Pittsburgh Steelers - a Post-Mortem

As has been well reported, the Steelers lost to the Denver Broncos in crushing fashion Sunday night, ending their reign as defending AFC Champions. Here are my thoughts on what was actually a good season that probably ended too soon.

1) The Big Failure. Simple: losing both games against the Baltimore Ravens. The opening game was an embarrassment. Giving up a 92-yard TD drive at the end of regulation in week 9 for loss #2 wasn't a whole lot better. If they could have held on to their lead and won the week 9 game, they'd have finished 13-3, won the division, and have secured both a 1st round bye and home field throughout the playoffs by virtue of beating the Patriots in week 8. Ultimately, the course of the Steelers' playoff exit may have been decided on November 6th.

2) Some Rest Would've Been Nice. I realize hindsight is 20-20, but the Steelers didn't handle injuries well down the stretch. Roethlisberger should have been inactive to let his ankle heal fully. Again, go back to November 6th - they win that game, no question Big Ben doesn't play on a bum ankle.

3) Are they too old? Good question. They certainly looked that way on Sunday. Were the injuries to D-Line stalwarts Hampton and Keisel age related? Probably not, but neither of them are spring chickens from a football perspective. It's already pretty much assured that Aaron Smith won't be back next year after season-ending injuries two years in a row. Defensive captain and signal caller James Farrior just finished his 15th season. Hines Ward ends his 14th season (I think he'll be back) but that isn't a big deal because...

4) The Steelers have the best receiving corps in the NFL. Period. They don't have the best single receiver. They have the best unit. Antonio Brown: first ever in league history with 1,000+ receiving yards and 1,000+ return yards. Mike Wallace: nobody will out run him. Emmanuel Sanders: so long as he stays healthy, he's clutch. Jericho Cotchery came up with a couple of big catches in key spots, but won't likely return since he's an unrestricted free agent and with the Brown/Sanders/Wallace trifecta, the Steelers will use cap space and the dollars elsewhere. Prediction: Ward takes a pay cut and stays here. The alternative is retirement. He's loved here, and was around for the Rod Woodson departure debacle. I don't think he'll risk his good will with the fans.

5) Back to an "age" topic, what was up with Polamalu? No secret Troy had an off-year. What I found more disturbing than his lack of interceptions, forced fumbles, and fumble recoveries was his instincts seemed to be off. Throughout his career, Polamalu has had an awesome ability to jump plays or come out of nowhere to make a game changing play. He started looking better late in the season - I saw a lot of that Troy - but was way off the mark in the Wild Card playoff game. Hopefully, he gets back in the groove for next season...at age 31.

6) Let's hope Maurkice Pouncey isn't really fragile. Two seasons. Two late season ankle injuries. He also missed time during the season. The difference in the Steelers' O-Line is massive when Pouncey plays versus not. We need him healthy.

7) What next? With their loss Sunday, the Steelers locked up the 24th overall pick in the 2012 draft. I think they might be in the position of picking the "best available player regardless of position", but I think they'll shy away from a receiver. If I was making the pick, it would be a lineman - offense first, then defense.

Looking ahead to the 2012 season, the Steelers will get a rematch with the Broncos (figure that will be a Sunday Night Football appearance). If the AFC West is on the rise, it could be a tough schedule. Games vs. the Jets and Titans should be easy wins based on relative team situations. The games vs. the NFC East should be interesting too - the only walk-over is the Redskins.

What will 2012 hold? It's going to depend really on how the Steelers who suffered late season injuries (Rashard Mendenhall, in particular, not mentioned earlier) recover. Right now, I'm going to say they don't do as well as this year, finish 11-5 but win the division with a week 17 victory over the hated Ravens.

TFH 1/10: PFC Clarence Eugene Sasser, USA

Clarence Sasser gave up his college deferments to serve in the United States Army. Trained as a combat medic, on this day in 1968 he ignored his own wounds and safety to save the lives of others. For his courage, he received our Nation's highest honor.

From Medal of Honor Citations for the Vietnam War:

SASSER, CLARENCE EUGENE

Rank and organization: Specialist Fifth Class (then Pfc.), U.S. Army, Headquarters Company, 3d Battalion, 60th Infantry, 9th Infantry Division. Place and date: Ding Tuong Province, Republic of Vietnam, 10 January 1968. Entered service at: Houston, Tex. Born: 12 September 1947, Chenango, Tex. Citation: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty. Sp5c. Sasser distinguished himself while assigned to Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 3d Battalion. He was serving as a medical aidman with Company A, 3d Battalion, on a reconnaissance in force operation. His company was making an air assault when suddenly it was taken under heavy small arms, recoilless rifle, machinegun and rocket fire from well fortified enemy positions on 3 sides of the landing zone. During the first few minutes, over 30 casualties were sustained. Without hesitation, Sp5c. Sasser ran across an open rice paddy through a hail of fire to assist the wounded. After helping 1 man to safety, was painfully wounded in the left shoulder by fragments of an exploding rocket. Refusing medical attention, he ran through a barrage of rocket and automatic weapons fire to aid casualties of the initial attack and, after giving them urgently needed treatment, continued to search for other wounded. Despite 2 additional wounds immobilizing his legs, he dragged himself through the mud toward another soldier 100 meters away. Although in agonizing pain and faint from loss of blood, Sp5c. Sasser reached the man, treated him, and proceeded on to encourage another group of soldiers to crawl 200 meters to relative safety. There he attended their wounds for 5 hours until they were evacuated. Sp5c. Sasser's extraordinary heroism is in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service and reflects great credit upon himself, his unit, and the U.S. Army. 

American hero Clarence Sasser lives to this day. His Vietnam unit, 3rd Battalion/60th Infantry, today prepares the warriors of tomorrow who will defend our Nation and liberty across the globe at Fort Jackson, South Carolina.

TFH 1/9: SP4 Danny J. Petersen, USA

A disabled APC. Wounded crewmen who had to be rescued and evacuated. All in the face of a numerically superior hostile force. This was what faced 20-year old Danny Petersen of Kansas this day in 1970.

From Medal of Honor Citations from the Vietnam War:

*PETERSEN, DANNY J.

Rank and organization: Specialist Fourth Class, U.S. Army, Company B, 4th Battalion, 23d Infantry, 25th Infantry Division. Place and date: Tay Ninh Province, Republic of Vietnam, 9 January 1970. Entered service at: Kansas City, Mo. Born: 11 March 1949, Horton, Kans. Citation: Sp4c. Petersen distinguished himself while serving as an armored personnel carrier commander with Company B during a combat operation against a North Vietnamese Army Force estimated to be of battalion size. During the initial contact with the enemy, an armored personnel carrier was disabled and the crewmen were pinned down by the heavy onslaught of enemy small arms, automatic weapons and rocket-propelled grenade fire. Sp4c. Petersen immediately maneuvered his armored personnel carrier to a position between the disabled vehicle and the enemy. He placed suppressive fire on the enemy's well-fortified position, thereby enabling the crewmembers of the disabled personnel carrier to repair their vehicle. He then maneuvered his vehicle, while still under heavy hostile fire to within 10 feet of the enemy's defensive emplacement. After a period of intense fighting, his vehicle received a direct hit and the driver was wounded. With extraordinary courage and selfless disregard for his own safety, Sp4c. Petersen carried his wounded comrade 45 meters across the bullet-swept field to a secure area. He then voluntarily returned to his disabled armored personnel carrier to provide covering fire for both the other vehicles and the dismounted personnel of his platoon as they withdrew. Despite heavy fire from 3 sides, he remained with his disabled vehicle, alone and completely exposed. Sp4c. Petersen was standing on top of his vehicle, firing his weapon, when he was mortally wounded. His heroic and selfless actions prevented further loss of life in his platoon. Sp4c. Petersen's conspicuous gallantry and extraordinary heroism are in the highest traditions of the service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the U.S. Army.

Danny Petersen rests today in Netawaka, Kansas. The 4th Battalion, 23rd Infantry currently serves with the 2nd Stryker Brigade Combat Team of the 2nd Infantry Division, Fort Lewis, WA.

TFH 1/6: Major Patrick Henry Brady, USA

Patrick Brady was an ambulance helicopter pilot. On October 2-3, 1967 he received our Nation's second-highest honor, the Distinguished Service Cross, for heroism while rescuing his wounded comrades. He wasn't done.

On this day in 1968, he flew repeatedly into hostile fire to save the injured. Two helicopters were shot out from under him, and he didn't stop. He was credited with the evacuation of 51 severely wounded soldiers, and for his courage, he received our Nation's highest honor.

From Medal of Honor Citations for the Vietnam War:

BRADY, PATRICK HENRY

Rank and organization: Major, U.S. Army, Medical Service Corps, 54th Medical Detachment, 67th Medical Group, 44th Medical Brigade. Place and date: Near Chu Lai, Republic of Vietnam, 6 January 1968. Entered service at: Seattle, Wash. Born: 1 October 1936, Philip, S. Dak. Citation: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty, Maj. Brady distinguished himself while serving in the Republic of Vietnam commanding a UH-1H ambulance helicopter, volunteered to rescue wounded men from a site in enemy held territory which was reported to be heavily defended and to be blanketed by fog. To reach the site he descended through heavy fog and smoke and hovered slowly along a valley trail, turning his ship sideward to blow away the fog with the backwash from his rotor blades. Despite the unchallenged, close-range enemy fire, he found the dangerously small site, where he successfully landed and evacuated 2 badly wounded South Vietnamese soldiers. He was then called to another area completely covered by dense fog where American casualties lay only 50 meters from the enemy. Two aircraft had previously been shot down and others had made unsuccessful attempts to reach this site earlier in the day. With unmatched skill and extraordinary courage, Maj. Brady made 4 flights to this embattled landing zone and successfully rescued all the wounded. On his third mission of the day Maj. Brady once again landed at a site surrounded by the enemy. The friendly ground force, pinned down by enemy fire, had been unable to reach and secure the landing zone. Although his aircraft had been badly damaged and his controls partially shot away during his initial entry into this area, he returned minutes later and rescued the remaining injured. Shortly thereafter, obtaining a replacement aircraft, Maj. Brady was requested to land in an enemy minefield where a platoon of American soldiers was trapped. A mine detonated near his helicopter, wounding 2 crewmembers and damaging his ship. In spite of this, he managed to fly 6 severely injured patients to medical aid. Throughout that day Maj. Brady utilized 3 helicopters to evacuate a total of 51 seriously wounded men, many of whom would have perished without prompt medical treatment. Maj. Brady's bravery was in the highest traditions of the military service and reflects great credit upon himself and the U.S. Army. 

Brady retired from the United States Army as a Major General in 1993. He is still living, and is one of just two individuals to receive both the Medal of Honor and Distinguished Service Cross for actions in Vietnam.

The 44th Medical Brigade serves today as part of the XVIII Airborne Corps.

TFH 1/5: Staff Sergeant Franklin D. Miller, USA

On this day in 1970, Franklin Douglas "Doug" Miller was a nearly 25-year old Green Beret with the 5th Special Forces Group. The patrol he was leading encountered a booby trap. With the enemy alerted by the trap's explosion and in superior numbers, it fell upon this man to rescue the day. For his courage, he received our Nation's highest honor.

From Medal of Honor Citations for the Vietnam War:

MILLER, FRANKLIN D.

Rank and organization: Staff Sergeant, U.S. Army, 5th Special Forces Group, 1st Special Forces. place and date: Kontum province, Republic of Vietnam, 5 January 1970. Entered service at: Albuquerque, N. Mex. Born: 27 January 1945, Elizabeth City, N.C. Citation: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty. S/Sgt. Miller, 5th Special Forces Group, distinguished himself while serving as team leader of an American-Vietnamese long-range reconnaissance patrol operating deep within enemy controlled territory. Leaving the helicopter insertion point, the patrol moved forward on its mission. Suddenly, 1 of the team members tripped a hostile booby trap which wounded 4 soldiers. S/Sgt. Miller, knowing that the explosion would alert the enemy, quickly administered first aid to the wounded and directed the team into positions across a small stream bed at the base of a steep hill. Within a few minutes, S/Sgt. Miller saw the lead element of what he estimated to be a platoon-size enemy force moving toward his location. Concerned for the safety of his men, he directed the small team to move up the hill to a more secure position. He remained alone, separated from the patrol, to meet the attack. S/Sgt. Miller single-handedly repulsed 2 determined attacks by the numerically superior enemy force and caused them to withdraw in disorder. He rejoined his team, established contact with a forward air controller and arranged the evacuation of his patrol. However, the only suitable extraction location in the heavy jungle was a bomb crater some 150 meters from the team location. S/Sgt. Miller reconnoitered the route to the crater and led his men through the enemy controlled jungle to the extraction site. As the evacuation helicopter hovered over the crater to pick up the patrol, the enemy launched a savage automatic weapon and rocket-propelled grenade attack against the beleaguered team, driving off the rescue helicopter. S/Sgt. Miller led the team in a valiant defense which drove back the enemy in its attempt to overrun the small patrol. Although seriously wounded and with every man in his patrol a casualty, S/Sgt. Miller moved forward to again single-handedly meet the hostile attackers. From his forward exposed position, S/Sgt. Miller gallantly repelled 2 attacks by the enemy before a friendly relief force reached the patrol location. S/Sgt. Miller's gallantry, intrepidity in action, and selfless devotion to the welfare of his comrades are in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the U.S. Army. 

According to Wikipedia, Miller eventually became a Command Sergeant Major in our Army. He passed away on June 30, 2000 and was cremated and his ashes scattered. From a picture contemporaneous to his Medal of Honor presentation at the previous link, we can see that he also was decorated with the Silver Star and Bronze Star medals for gallantry, although records for those awards do not appear at Military Times' Hall of Valor.

The 5th Special Forces Group serves our Nation to this day around the world from their home base of Fort Campbell, Kentucky.

TFH 1/4: SP4 Larry Johnson, USA

I can't find a lot about Specialist Fourth Class Larry Johnson, so I'll just let his citation for the Distinguished Service Cross, awarded for his heroism and leadership on this day in 1969 and our Nation's second highest honor, speak for itself.

From Military Times' Hall of Valor:

The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918 (amended by act of July 25, 1963), takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross to Specialist Fourth Class Larry Johnson (ASN: US-67193481), United States Army, for extraordinary heroism in connection with military operations involving conflict with an armed hostile force in the Republic of Vietnam, while serving with Company A, 3d Battalion, 47th Infantry, 9th Infantry Division. Specialist Four Johnson distinguished himself by exceptionally valorous actions on 4 January 1969 as acting platoon sergeant on a reconnaissance-in-force mission near Ben Tre, Kien Hoa Province. While his company was being inserted into a landing zone it came under intense enemy fire and sustained several casualties. Realizing that the hostile fire would have to be suppressed before his stricken comrades could be evacuated, Specialist Johnson quickly organized his troops and led them through the fusillade toward the communist's bunkers. Despite being wounded by enemy fire, he skillfully brought his element across an open area and into a canal, maneuvering to within ten meters of the fortifications before he and his men were pinned down by a crossfire. Courageously exposing himself to the barrage, he then left the dike and single-handedly assaulted a bunker, firing his rifle and throwing hand grenades. Wounded and driven back, he made a second attempt, only to be wounded again. Although unable to use his right arm and in great pain, he charged through the crossfire and, after being hit a fourth time, succeeded in destroying the bunker with hand grenades. As he was beginning to assault a second bunker, he lost consciousness due to his wounds. Sergeant Johnson's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty were in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service and reflect great credit upon himself, his unit, and the United States Army.

TFH 1/3: Gunnery Sergeant Joseph F. Covella, USMC

Joseph Francis Covella hailed from Brooklyn, NY. He served with the United States Marine Corps in Korea with the 2nd Battalion/5th Marines and was decorated with the Silver Star medal for gallantry in action on September 20, 1951.

The entrance of the United States into the Vietnam War saw then Gunnery Sergeant Covella serving as an advisor to the 3rd Battalion, 1st Regiment, 1st Infantry Division of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam. On this day in 1966, he stayed with our allies who remained behind to cover the withdrawal of forces facing a numerically superior enemy. For his courage, he was awarded our Nation's second-highest honor: the Navy Cross.

From Military Times' Hall of Valor:

The President of the United States of America takes pride in presenting the Navy Cross (Posthumously) to Gunnery Sergeant Joseph Francis Covella (MCSN: 1001220), United States Marine Corps, for extraordinary heroism as Light Weapons Infantry Advisor, Third Battalion, First Regiment, First Infantry Division, Army of the Republic of Vietnam, on 3 January 1966. Sergeant Covella was accompanying the First Company of his Battalion when that unit came under scorching fire from their front, pinning them in a ditch while the numerically superior enemy force continued to rain murderous fire upon them. When the order to withdraw was given, one platoon was instructed to remain in position to provide covering fire, and Sergeant Covella, with no regard for his personal safety, volunteered to remain with the platoon. The remainder of the company made an orderly withdrawal and the platoon was told to evacuate. As soon as the order was implemented, three Vietnamese soldiers and one American advisor were wounded. Realizing that without covering fire his platoon would be destroyed, Sergeant Covella stayed with the wounded to aid them and cover the retreat in the face of a merciless enemy advance. He was able to halt the enemy long enough for his platoon to escape from the trap. His battalion found him later with the men he had tried to protect. By his personal bravery, consummate courage and willing self-sacrifice for his comrades, Sergeant Covella reflected great credit upon himself and the United States Marine Corps and upheld the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life for his country.

Gunnery Sergeant Covella was also awarded the Bronze Star with Combat "V" for his Vietnam service. His courageous sacrifice reflects the heritage of his Korean War unit; 2/5 Marines' motto is "Retreat, Hell!" It comes from the battalion's combat service in World War I. On June 1, 1918 the battalion arrived at the front lines and was immediately advised to retreat by a French officer. He was answered by Marine Captain Lloyd W. Williams: "Retreat? Hell, we just got here!"

TFH 12/30: 1LT Robert L. Howard, USA

On this day in 1968, a 29 year-old Sergeant First Class with the 5th Special Forces Group organized and led his mixed American/Vietnamese infantry platoon while it was under heavy attack by a much larger enemy force. For his courage and determination, he received our Nation's highest honor.

From Medal of Honor Citations for the Vietnam War.

HOWARD, ROBERT L.

Rank and organization: First Lieutenant, U.S. Army, 5th Special Forces Group (Airborne), 1st Special Forces. Place and date: Republic of Vietnam, 30 December 1968. Entered service at: Montgomery, Ala. Born: 11 July 1939, Opelika, Ala. Citation: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty. 1st Lt. Howard (then Sfc .), distinguished himself while serving as platoon sergeant of an American-Vietnamese platoon which was on a mission to rescue a missing American soldier in enemy controlled territory in the Republic of Vietnam. The platoon had left its helicopter landing zone and was moving out on its mission when it was attacked by an estimated 2-company force. During the initial engagement, 1st Lt. Howard was wounded and his weapon destroyed by a grenade explosion. 1st Lt. Howard saw his platoon leader had been wounded seriously and was exposed to fire. Although unable to walk, and weaponless, 1st Lt. Howard unhesitatingly crawled through a hail of fire to retrieve his wounded leader. As 1st Lt. Howard was administering first aid and removing the officer's equipment, an enemy bullet struck 1 of the ammunition pouches on the lieutenant's belt, detonating several magazines of ammunition. 1st Lt. Howard momentarily sought cover and then realizing that he must rejoin the platoon, which had been disorganized by the enemy attack, he again began dragging the seriously wounded officer toward the platoon area. Through his outstanding example of indomitable courage and bravery, 1st Lt. Howard was able to rally the platoon into an organized defense force. With complete disregard for his safety, 1st Lt. Howard crawled from position to position, administering first aid to the wounded, giving encouragement to the defenders and directing their fire on the encircling enemy. For 3 1/2 hours 1st Lt. Howard's small force and supporting aircraft successfully repulsed enemy attacks and finally were in sufficient control to permit the landing of rescue helicopters. 1st Lt. Howard personally supervised the loading of his men and did not leave the bullet-swept landing zone until all were aboard safely. 1st Lt. Howard's gallantry in action, his complete devotion to the welfare of his men at the risk of his life were in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service and reflect great credit on himself, his unit, and the U.S. Army. 

As you can tell from his Medal of Honor citation, Robert Howard had received an officers' commission by the time he was recognized for his great courage. He was one of the most decorated soldiers of the Vietnam War, also receiving two Distinguished Service Crosses and the Silver Star medal, among other decorations including eight Purple Hearts for wounds suffered in combat.

He retired from the Army in 1992 with the rank of Colonel. He passed away on December 23, 2009 from pancreatic cancer and rests today in Arlington National Cemetery.

His unit from Vietnam, the 5th Special Forces Group, still serves today defending freedom and liberty across the globe from its home base at Fort Campbell, Kentucky.

TFH 12/24: CDR Laurence A. Abercrombie, USN

Laurence Allen Abercrombie was born on October 10, 1897 in Lawrence, MA. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1921. The beginning of World War II found him in command of the Mahan-class destroyer USS Drayton (DD-366). She was at sea during the attack on Pearl Harbor escorting the aircraft carrier USS Lexington (CV-2). Just over two weeks later, Commander Abercrombie and the Drayton found themselves escorting a convoy to Christmas Island. On this day, 70 years ago, Laurence Abercrombie's skill and courage as a commanding officer under fire earned him the first of the three Navy Crosses he received for his World War II service, our Nation's second highest honor.

All three of Commander Abercrombie's Navy Cross citations, from the Military Times' Hall of Valor:

Action Date: 24 December 1941


The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Commander Laurence Allen Abercrombie (NSN: 0-56922), United States Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the Destroyer U.S.S. DRAYTON (DD-366), during operations in the Far East on 24 December 1941 Commander Abercrombie skillfully directed his vessel in an engagement which resulted in the destruction of an enemy vessel. His conduct throughout was in keeping with the highest traditions of the Navy of the United States.


Action Date: 22 October 1942


The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting a Gold Star in lieu of a Second Award of the Navy Cross to Commander Laurence Allen Abercrombie (NSN: 0-56922), United States Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as the Commanding Officer of Destroyer Division NINE, which engaged Japanese naval forces in a daring daylight raid on the enemy patrol line south of the Gilbert Islands on 22 October 1942. Commander Abercrombie skillfully maneuvered his division, exercising such brilliant tactical judgment that heavy damage was inflicted upon the enemy. Two enemy vessels were sunk by the gunfire of his force, and repeated air attacks were repelled without damage to the ships or crews under his command. Through his leadership this bold mission was brought to a highly successful conclusion. His courageous conduct was in keeping with the highest traditions of the Naval Service.


Action Date: 17 February 1943


The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting a Second Gold Star in lieu of a Third Award of the Navy Cross to Commander Laurence Allen Abercrombie (NSN: 0-56922), United States Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the Destroyer U.S.S. DRAYTON (DD-366), as Screen Commander of a Task Force unit during action against Japanese aerial forces in the Solomon Islands area on 17 February 1943. By the accurate and timely warning given by the ships under his command, Commander Abercrombie enabled the task unit commander to dispose his transports and destroyers for the most effective action against hostile Torpedo Planes. Despite the difficulties and hazards of a night engagement during which five Japanese planes were destroyed, Commander Abercrombie brought his forces through without casualty or damage. Commander Abercrombie's inspiring leadership and the valiant devotion to duty of his command contributed in large measure to the outstanding success of these vital missions and reflect great credit upon the United States Naval Service.

We have much to be thankful for the skill and gallantry of our sailors past and present. Laurence Abercrombie retired from the Navy as a Rear Admiral and he passed away on May 3, 1973.

USS Drayton served throughout World War II in the Pacific, earning eleven battle stars. She was decommissioned on October 9, 1945 and sold to be scrapped on December 20, 1946.

TFH 12/23: Captain Henry Talmage Elrod, USMC

Henry Elrod was born in Turner County, GA on September 27, 1905. After attending the University of Georgia and Yale University, he enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in 1927. He received a commission as a Second Lieutenant in 1931, and earned his aviators' wings in 1935.

The growing winds of war found "Hammerin' Hank" in Hawai'i early in 1941. As hostilities increasingly appeared imminent, he was sent with the 14 planes of Marine Fighter Squadron 211 to Wake Island on December 4th. On December 8th, coincidental with the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor (Wake, being on the other side of the International Date Line), Wake also came under assault.

The Marines, Sailors, Soldiers, and civilians on Wake Island held off the Japanese invaders for fifteen days of intense combat. Henry Elrod flew his F4F Wildcat to distinction, shooting down two attacking aircraft and sinking a Japanese destroyer. When all the defender's aircraft had been destroyed, he picked up a rifle and joined the battle line. 70 years ago today, he gave his life, and for his gallantry he received our Nation's highest honor:

From Medal of Honor Citations for World War II:

*ELROD, HENRY TALMAGE

Rank and organization: Captain, U.S. Marine Corps. Born: 27 September 1905, Rebecca, Ga. Entered service at: Ashburn, Ga. Citation: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while attached to Marine Fighting Squadron 211, during action against enemy Japanese land, surface and aerial units at Wake Island, 8 to 23 December 1941. Engaging vastly superior forces of enemy bombers and warships on 9 and 12 December, Capt. Elrod shot down 2 of a flight of 22 hostile planes and, executing repeated bombing and strafing runs at extremely low altitude and close range, succeeded in inflicting deadly damage upon a large Japanese vessel, thereby sinking the first major warship to be destroyed by small caliber bombs delivered from a fighter-type aircraft. When his plane was disabled by hostile fire and no other ships were operative, Capt. Elrod assumed command of 1 flank of the line set up in defiance of the enemy landing and, conducting a brilliant defense, enabled his men to hold their positions and repulse intense hostile fusillades to provide covering fire for unarmed ammunition carriers. Capturing an automatic weapon during 1 enemy rush in force, he gave his own firearm to 1 of his men and fought on vigorously against the Japanese. Responsible in a large measure for the strength of his sector's gallant resistance, on 23 December, Capt. Elrod led his men with bold aggressiveness until he fell, mortally wounded. His superb skill as a pilot, daring leadership and unswerving devotion to duty distinguished him among the defenders of Wake Island, and his valiant conduct reflects the highest credit upon himself and the U.S. Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life for his country. 

Captain Elrod was originally interred on Wake Island among those who fell with him during the battle. His remains were moved to Arlington National Cemetery in 1947, where he rests today.

His squadron, today VMA-211, the "Wake Island Avengers", flies the AV-8B Harrier II in defense of our Nation and the cause of liberty.

TFH 12/22: Major Thomas J. H. Trapnell, USA

Thomas John Hall Trapnell, "Trap" as he was nicknamed, was born on November 23, 1902 in Yonkers, NY. In 1923, he began his military service at the United States Military Academy, West Point. After graduation, he was commissioned and became a cavalry officer. With the cavalry, he served under such noted officers as Jonathan Wainwright and George Patton.

In 1939, he joined the Philippine Scouts with the 26th Cavalry Regiment. The Japanese Empire invaded the Philippines in a coordinated attack with that on Pearl Harbor. Against insurmountable odds, the forces of the United States Army and the Philippine Army retreated towards the Bataan Peninsula. Trap, then commanding the 26th Cavalry, fought courageously in a rear guard action to protect the withdrawal, including the last horse cavalry charge in US Army history.

On this day in 1941, 70 years ago to the day, his determination, heroism, and fighting spirit was on display as he single-handedly destroyed a bridge to slow the enemy's advance. For his gallantry, he was decorated with our Nation's second highest honor: the Distinguished Service Cross.

From Military Times' Hall of Valor:

The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross to Major Thomas John Hall Trapnell, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism in connection with military operations against an armed enemy while serving as Commanding Officer of the 26th Cavalry Regiment, Philippine Scouts, in action against enemy forces while the U.S. Cavalry engaged in rear guard action on 22 December 1941, in the Philippine Islands. During a concentration of enemy fire from tanks and infantry, Major Trapnell remained between the hostile forces and his own troops and set on fire a truck on a bridge somewhere in Launion Province. Then he waited calmly until the bridge had burned before leaving in a scout car to rejoin his troops. Major Trapnell's intrepid actions, personal bravery and zealous devotion to duty exemplify the highest traditions of the military forces of the United States and reflect great credit upon himself and the United States Army.

Major Trapnell was captured by the Japanese in April of 1942. He survived the hell of the Bataan Death March, and remained a prisoner of war until he was liberated by the Soviet Union in Manchuria in 1944.

While a prisoner, Trap was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel. His service to our Nation continued in the Korean War and in the early days of US involvement in Vietnam. He advised President Kennedy not to get involved. He retired as a Lieutenant General in 1962, with the recommendation he hold the rank of full General in retirement.

In addition to his Distinguished Service Cross, he was also decorated during his career with the Army Distinguished Service Medal, three Silver Star medals, four awards of the Legion of Merit, and the Bronze Star medal with Valor Device.

Thomas John Hall Trapnell, American hero, passed away on February 13, 2002 at age 99. He rests in the cemetery at West Point.

TFH 12/21: Corporal Larry Eugene Smedley, USMC

On this day in 1967, one courageous 18-year old United States Marine led his six-man squad against an enemy force nearly twenty times as large. He ignored his wounds, and kept up the attack. He gave his life for us, and was recognized with our Nation's highest honor.

From Medal of Honor Citations for the Vietnam War:

*SMEDLEY, LARRY E.

Rank and organization: Corporal, U.S. Marine Corps, Company D, 1st Battalion, 7th Marines, 1st Marine Division. Place and date: Quang Nam Province, Republic of Vietnam, 21 December 1967. Entered service at: Orlando, Fla. Born: 4 March 1949, Front Royal, Va. Citation: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while serving as a squad leader with company D, in connection with operations against the enemy. On the evenings of 20-21 December 1967, Cpl. Smedley led his 6-man squad to an ambush site at the mouth of Happy Valley, near Phouc Ninh (2) in Quang Nam Province. Later that night an estimated 100 Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army regulars, carrying 122mm rocket launchers and mortars, were observed moving toward Hill 41. Realizing this was a significant enemy move to launch an attack on the vital Danang complex, Cpl. Smedley immediately took sound and courageous action to stop the enemy threat. After he radioed for a reaction force, he skillfully maneuvered his men to a more advantageous position and led an attack on the numerically superior enemy force. A heavy volume of fire from an enemy machinegun positioned on the left flank of the squad inflicted several casualties on Cpl. Smedley's unit. Simultaneously, an enemy rifle grenade exploded nearby, wounding him in the right foot and knocking him to the ground. Cpl. Smedley disregarded this serious injury and valiantly struggled to his feet, shouting words of encouragement to his men. He fearlessly led a charge against the enemy machinegun emplacement, firing his rifle and throwing grenades, until he was again struck by enemy fire and knocked to the ground. Gravely wounded and weak from loss of blood, he rose and commenced a 1-man assault against the enemy position. Although his aggressive and singlehanded attack resulted in the destruction of the machinegun, he was struck in the chest by enemy fire and fell mortally wounded. Cpl. Smedley's inspiring and courageous actions, bold initiative, and selfless devotion to duty in the face of certain death were in keeping with the highest traditions of the Marine Corps and the U.S. Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life for his country.

Corporal Smedley rests today with so many other of our honored dead in Arlington National Cemetery. He is also memorialized on Panel 32E, Line 40 of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial.

His unit, 1st Battalion/7th Marine Regiment, still serves today in defense of liberty and freedom with the 1st Marine Division. 

TFH 12/20: 2LT Charles L. Brown, USAAC

From time to time, the valor of our heroes takes too long to recognize. In the case of Charles Brown, recognition of his heroism during World War II took over 64 years. On December 20, 1943 Brown was piloting a B-17 Flying Fortress on a bombing mission over Germany when it was heavily damaged by Nazi anti-aircraft fire and attacking fighters. On February 4, 2008 the United States Air Force presented him with our Nation's second highest award for courage, the Air Force Cross.

From Military Times' Hall of Valor:

The President of the United States of America, authorized by Title 10, Section 8742, United States Code, takes pleasure in presenting the Air Force Cross to Second Lieutenant Charles L. Brown for extraordinary heroism in military operations against an armed enemy of the United States as a B-17 Pilot of the 527th Bombardment Squadron, 379th Bombardment Group (Heavy), EIGHTH Air Force, in action over Germany, 20 December 1943. On this date while attacking a heavily defended target over occupied Germany, Lieutenant Brown's aircraft sustained severe flak damage, including destruction of the Plexiglas nose, wing damage, and major damage to the number two and four engines. Lieutenant Brown provided invaluable instructions to the copilot and crew requiring the number two engine to be shut down. He then expertly managed to keep the number four engine producing partial power. This action enabled his crew to complete the improbable bombing run and bomb delivery on this important strategic target. Immediately upon leaving the target, sever multiple engine damage prevented maintaining their position in formation. During this extreme duress, the demonstrated airmanship displayed by Lieutenant Brown could only be described as crucially pivotal to the aircraft's survival and displayed by only more seasoned and experienced aviators during the War. His violent, evasive tactics to counter the multiple enemy efforts to destroy their airplane directly contributed to his crew and his aircraft's survival. Alone and outnumbered, the aircraft was mercilessly attacked by the enemy in which crew difficulties were compounded when discovered only three defensive guns were operational, the others frozen in the -75 degree Fahrenheit temperatures. The result of this brief, but devastating aerial battle was one crew member dead; another critically wounded that would require amputation of his leg; serious damage of the third engine; the complete destruction of the aircraft's left elevator and stabilizer; the inoperability of the bomber's oxygen and communications systems; and the complete shredding of the rudder by enemy fire that produced a death roll of the plane as it spiraled helplessly out of control causing the entire crew to temporarily lose consciousness. Miraculously, prior to ground impact, Lieutenant Brown and the copilot regained consciousness and managed to regain full flight control by pulling the heavily damaged aircraft out of its nose-dive. Although managing to recover this aircraft from certain doom, the crew's plight was further complicated when a lone German fighter witnessed the maneuver, now attempted to force the crippled aircraft to land. Displaying coolness, courage and airmanship of more senior pilots, he boldly rejected the enemy fighter's attempts at a forced landing and directed the struggling aircraft to the North Sea. While attempting this improbable, treacherous return to home station, Lieutenant Brown's command and control was instrumental to the remaining crew's survival. While in the cockpit, he provided the essential engine control, fuel management, and piloting skills necessary to the cockpit team during their hazardous, yet miraculous return of the aircraft's perilous crossing of the North Sea back to home station in England. Through his extraordinary heroism, superb airmanship, and aggressiveness in the face of the enemy, Lieutenant Brown reflected the highest credit upon himself and the United States Army Air Corps.

There's another side to this story: that of the German Luftwaffe pilot who intercepted the stricken B-17 and let it escape. His name was Franz Stigler. Stigler, who had already shot down two B-17s that day, could see through the holes blasted in the plane by his comrades' weapons. He saw the dead and dying crew inside, and held his fire, thinking:

I cannot kill these half-dead people. It would be like shooting at a parachute.

The Nazis weren't known for their compassion, but Franz Stigler showed it that day. Had his act of mercy become known to his own chain of command, he'd have been executed for his actions. His courage in not shooting is also worthy of our praise.

Late in their lives, both Brown and Stigler located each other and the incredible story of 12/20/1943 became known. Both of them passed away in 2008: Stigler in March, Brown in November - about 9 months after receiving his Air Force Cross. 

The 379th Bombardment Group's descendant, the 379th Air Expeditionary Wing, flies in defense of our Nation today.

TFH 12/16: Major Robert S. Beale, USAF and Major Paul J. Mongillo, USAFR

SEAD - Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses. It is one of the most dangerous combat missions an aviator can fly. These brave pilots make themselves the targets. They attack anti-aircraft gun and missile sites and the radars that enable them. They are the ones who protect our bombers and attack aircraft from ground defenses so that they reach their targets.

On this day in 1967, two gallant airmen (one a reservist) climbed aboard their Republic F-105 Thunderchief in Thailand on a mission to support air attacks on the communist North Vietnamese capital of Hanoi. They faced intense flak. They had 18 surface-to-air missiles fired at them. Even after their plane was struck by enemy fire, they did not give up on their vital mission of protecting strike aircraft from those same weapons. One survived, one gave his life for his Nation and liberty.

Through their skill and courage, all of the other aircraft they were clearing the way for reached their target and returned safely. For their skill and courage, both Major Robert S. Beale and Major Paul John Mongillo received our Nation's second highest honor: the Air Force Cross. (Name links to Military Times' Hall of Valor records)

The President of the United States of America, authorized by Title 10, Section 8742, United States Code, takes pleasure in presenting the Air Force Cross to Major Robert S. Beale (AFSN: 0-57324), United States Air Force, for extraordinary heroism in connection with military operations against an opposing armed force while serving as an F-105 Thunderchief Pilot of the 44th Tactical Fighter Squadron, Korat Royal Thai Air Base, Thailand, during a missile suppression mission on an isolated vital military target near Hanoi, North Vietnam, on 16 December 1967. On that date, Major Beale braved many concentrations of heavy anti-aircraft artillery fire and eighteen surface-to-air missiles as he successfully led his missile suppression flight in diverting the hostile defenses away from the main strike force. He contributed to the destruction of one missile site only three miles from the center of the heavily defended target area and damaged at least one other missile complex. As a result of his actions, the main strike force suffered no losses, encountered only four missiles, and successfully destroyed this vital military target. Through his superb airmanship, aggressiveness, and aggressiveness in the face of hostile forces, Major Beale reflected the highest credit upon himself and the United States Air Force.


The President of the United States of America, authorized by Title 10, Section 8742, United States Code, takes pride in presenting the Air Force Cross (Posthumously) to Major Paul John Mongillo (AFSN: FV 0-3087591), United States Air Force (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism in military operations against an opposing armed force as an F-105 Thunderchief Electronics Warfare Officer of the 44th Tactical Fighter Squadron, Korat Royal Thai Air Base, Thailand, in action against an isolated vital military target near Hanoi, North Vietnam, on 16 December 1967. On that date, Major Mongillo braved many concentrations of heavy anti-aircraft artillery fire and eighteen surface-to-air missiles as he successfully led his missile suppression flight in diverting the hostile defenses away from the main strike force. He contributed to the destruction of one missile site only three miles from the center of the heavily defended target area and damaged at least one other missile complex. As a result of his actions, the main strike force suffered no losses, encountered only four missiles, and successfully destroyed this vital military target. Through his extraordinary heroism, superb airmanship, and aggressiveness in the face of hostile forces, Major Mongillo reflected the highest credit upon himself and the United States Air Force.

Major Paul Mongillo is remembered on Panel 32E, Line 15 of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, DC.

Robert Beale retired from the United States Air Force in 1979 with the rank of Colonel. He also received a Silver Star medal and the Distinguished Flying Cross for his service in Vietnam as well as two awards of the Legion of Merit for his peacetime exceptional service.

Beale and Mongillo's squadron, the 44th Fighter, still flies in defense of liberty and our great Nation today. They are part of the 18th Operations Group of the 18th Wing, based at Kadena Air Base on Okinawa.

TFH 12/15: Sergeant Allen James Lynch, USA

Allen Lynch was born on October 28, 1945 in Chicago. He joined the Army in 1964. Three years later, he was serving as a radioman in the 1st Battalion, 12th Cavalry Regiment as they fought in Vietnam. On this day in 1967, he refused to abandon three wounded comrades and repeatedly put himself at risk to protect them and lead his unit's counterattack against a numerically-superior enemy.

From Medal of Honor Citations for the Vietnam War:

LYNCH, ALLEN JAMES

Rank and organization: Sergeant, U.S. Army, Company D, 1st Battalion (Airmobile), 12th Cavalry, 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile). place and date: Near My An (2), Binh Dinh province, Republic of Vietnam, 15 December 1967. Entered service at: Chicago, Ill. Born: 28 October 1945, Chicago, Ill. Citation: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty. Sgt. Lynch (then Sp4c.) distinguished himself while serving as a radio telephone operator with Company D. While serving in the forward element on an operation near the village of My An, his unit became heavily engaged with a numerically superior enemy force. Quickly and accurately assessing the situation, Sgt. Lynch provided his commander with information which subsequently proved essential to the unit's successful actions. Observing 3 wounded comrades Lying exposed to enemy fire, Sgt. Lynch dashed across 50 meters of open ground through a withering hail of enemy fire to administer aid. Reconnoitering a nearby trench for a covered position to protect the wounded from intense hostile fire, he killed 2 enemy soldiers at point blank range. With the trench cleared, he unhesitatingly returned to the fire-swept area 3 times to carry the wounded men to safety. When his company was forced to withdraw by the superior firepower of the enemy, Sgt. Lynch remained to aid his comrades at the risk of his life rather than abandon them. Alone, he defended his isolated position for 2 hours against the advancing enemy. Using only his rifle and a grenade, he stopped them just short of his trench, killing 5. Again, disregarding his safety in the face of withering hostile fire, he crossed 70 meters of exposed terrain 5 times to carry his wounded comrades to a more secure area. Once he had assured their comfort and safety, Sgt. Lynch located the counterattacking friendly company to assist in directing the attack and evacuating the 3 casualties. His gallantry at the risk of his life is in the highest traditions of the military service, Sgt. Lynch has reflected great credit on himself, the 12th Cavalry, and the U.S. Army. 

Lynch left the Army in 1969. In civilian life he worked for the Department of Veterans Affairs and has also volunteered with both the Vietnam Veterans of America and the Congressional Medal of Honor Society.

1st Battalion/12th Cavalry serves today with the 3rd Heavy Brigade Combat Team of the 1st Cavalry Division, at Fort Hood, TX.

Pearl Harbor: What Wasn't Lost

Last Wednesday, we marked the 70th anniversary of the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. The cost to the United States Navy was great, but of the eight battleships sunk or damaged during the attack, six returned to service later in the war, some after not much time at all.

In addition to the battleships, seven major ships were sunk or damaged. Of those seven, all but one returned to active service:

USS Utah (AG-16, ex-BB-31) - Utah was no longer a first-line battleship, instead finding use as an anti-aircraft gunnery training ship. She was mistaken by the Japanese attackers as an active capital ship and was struck by numerous air-dropped torpedoes. She capsized and like Arizona, still rests in Pearl Harbor today as the grave for 54 of her crew.

USS Raleigh (CL-7) - Raleigh, an Omaha-class light cruiser, was struck by a single Japanese torpedo and listed severely to her port side, in danger of capsizing. Her valiant crew saved the ship, and destroyed five enemy planes with determined anti-aircraft fire. She was repaired and served with the Pacific Fleet for the duration of the war. Raleigh was decommissioned on November 2, 1945 and scrapped in early 1946.

USS Honolulu (CL-48) - Honolulu, a Brooklyn-class light cruiser, received only minor damage during the attack. She served throughout the war in the Pacific, earning eight battle stars and surviving a Japanese torpedo attack during the Battle of Leyte on October 20, 1944. Her major repairs were completed at Norfolk in early 1945. She decommissioned to reserve status on February 3, 1947 and was scrapped in 1959.

USS Helena (CL-50) - Helena, a St. Louis-class light cruiser, was struck at Pearl by one torpedo. Her crew's outstanding damage control prevented major damage to the ship, even though one boiler room and one engine room were flooded. Helena returned to service after repairs in 1942, participating in the Guadalcanal campaign. On July 5-6, 1943, Helena was sunk by three Japanese torpedoes during the Battle of Kula Gulf. 168 sailors of her nearly 900 crew were killed in action. She was the first ship to receive the Navy Unit Commendation, the unit-equivalent of the individual Silver Star medal.

USS Cassin (DD-372) - Cassin, a Mahan-class destroyer, was dry docked with fellow destroyer USS Downes (DD-375, below) and battleship USS Pennsylvania (BB-38) during the attack. An incendiary bomb strike caused Downes' fuel tanks to explode, and uncontrollable fires spread to both destroyers. Originally assumed to be a total loss, Cassin was eventually repaired and returned to service on February 5, 1944. She contributed to many of the late 1944-early 1945 offensive operations in the Pacific. Decommissioned at Norfolk on December 17, 1945 she was scrapped in 1947.

USS Shaw (DD-373) - Shaw, also of the Mahan-class, was also dry docked on December 7th. She was struck by three bombs setting her afire. At 0925 the order to abandon ship was given, and her forward magazine exploded about five minutes later causing heavy damage. She was repaired, however, and rejoined the fleet after receiving a new bow in the summer of 1942. Shaw eventually earned eleven battle stars for her contributions to winning the war in the Pacific. Decommissioned at New York City in October 1945, she was scrapped in 1946.

USS Downes (DD-375) - Downes, a third member of the Mahan-class, was struck as previously mentioned by an incendiary bomb and the ensuing fires destroyed both herself and Cassin. Her wreck was eventually salvaged and towed to the mainland for repairs. Downes left the Mare Island Naval Shipyard on November 15, 1943 and rejoined the war in the Pacific in early 1944. After earning four battle stars for her Pacific service, she was decommissioned on December 17, 1945 and scrapped in 1947.

One destroyed, six damaged to varying degrees, six returned to combat. Certainly the cost of repairs and time to complete them affected these vessels' contribution to the war, but they were not destroyed. They all ultimately helped to defeat Japan. But what of the other things the Japanese didn't destroy?

TFH 12/14: Sergeant John William Rucker, USA

The Distinguished Service Cross is the second-highest award for valor for members of the United States Army. Reading DSC citations frequently make me wonder why some of these brave fighting men didn't receive the Medal of Honor. Records from this day in 1970 bring us such a story: Army Ranger John Rucker.

From Military Times' Hall of Valor:

The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918 (amended by act of July 25, 1963), takes pride in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross (Posthumously) to Sergeant John William Rucker (ASN: US-222302703), United States Army, for extraordinary heroism in connection with military operations involving conflict with an armed hostile force in the Republic of Vietnam, while serving with Company C (Ranger), 75th Infantry Regiment (Airborne), 17th Aviation Group, 1st Aviation Brigade. Sergeant Rucker distinguished himself by exceptionally valorous actions on 14 December 1970, while serving as assistant team leader to a six-man patrol during ground operations near Tuy Hoa, Republic of Vietnam. As the small unit advanced along a narrow trail, the lead man observed a large enemy force moving toward the friendly element along the path. Immediately, the American patrol hastened into an ambush position paralleling the enemy avenue of approach. Although vastly outnumbered, Sergeant Rucker and another team member initiated contact with the foe as they unleashed a barrage of claymore anti-personnel mines and automatic weapons fire. Utilizing the element of surprise, Sergeant Rucker's stratagem resulted in the elimination of approximately ten belligerents. The foe reacted to the initial onslaught with fragmentation grenades and automatic weapons fire while attempting to maneuver into position surrounding Sergeant Rucker's team. Realizing the peril caused by the threat of encirclement, Sergeant Rucker exposed himself to the hail of enemy rounds as he fought to prevent the foe from flanking and trapping his men, Suddenly, Sergeant Rucker was knocked to the ground by a flurry of bullets. Although painfully wounded, the sergeant refused medical assistance and continued his mission of resistance. Numerous enemy troops attempted to overrun the friendly perimeter, but Sergeant Rucker challenged the charge with accurate bursts from his M-16 rifle. Refusing to relinquish his position in the face of the enemy counter-attack, the tenacious Sergeant Rucker held his ground until his injuries weakened him and caused him to fall unconscious. Moments later, American medical helicopters and gunships arrived at the scene to evacuate the beleaguered troops. Sergeant Rucker succumbed to his wounds en route to the base hospital. Sergeant Rucker's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty, at the cost of his life, were in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service and reflect great credit upon himself, his unit, and the United States Army.

John William Rucker appears on Panel 06W, Line 121 of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. The descendant of his unit, the 75th Ranger Regiment, is a key component of both Army Special Operations Command and United States Special Operations Command.

TFH 12/13: Commander John Milton Hyde, USN

On this day in 1944, the captain of the Balao-class submarine USS Bergall (SS-320) found his boat in water too shallow to submerge. Undeterred, he led the Bergall on a night surface attack on two Japanese heavy cruisers, destroying one and severely damaging the second at a minimum. For his leadership and courage, he was decorated with our Nation's second highest honor: the Navy Cross.

From Military Times' Hall of Valor:

The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Commander John Milton Hyde (NSN: 0-73456), United States Navy, for extraordinary heroism in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the U.S.S. BERGALL (SS-320), on the SECOND War Patrol of that submarine on 13 December 1944, in enemy controlled waters of the South China Sea. Contacting two hostile heavy cruisers in water too shallow to permit submersion if detected, Commander Hyde courageously launched a night surface attack against the enemy vessels and directed the firing of six torpedoes, which caused one of the cruisers to blow up with a tremendous explosion and a mass of engulfing flames and inflicted extensive damage on the other which stopped dead in the water. After reloading, he once again attacked the crippled vessel and, when a salvo from the damaged cruiser inflicted damage to the BERGALL's pressure hull, skillfully maneuvered his craft to evade further damage and return to port. By his leadership, gallant fighting spirit and devotion to duty, Commander Hyde upheld the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.

John Hyde also received three Silver Star medals for heroism and skill as a submarine officer and commander in the face of the enemy. To him, and to all our brave submariners who have defended liberty throughout the Earth's oceans, we say thank you.

Pearl Harbor: What Was Lost

First and foremost, what was lost at Pearl Harbor were lives.

• 1,999 United States Navy
• 233 United States Army (including the Air Corps)
• 109 United States Marine Corps
• 49 Civilians

2,390 in total. An additional 1,178 were wounded, and survived.

The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor was devastating to the United States Navy's Pacific fleet. Naval doctrine prior to World War II focused on the centrality of the battleship. Naval war would be decided by big guns on both sides slugging it out shell for shell.

Pearl Harbor was the beginning of the end of the battleship as the dominant capital warship for the United States, mainly because with eight of the nine Pacific Fleet battleships destroyed or severely damaged, the aircraft carriers were the only striking force the US Navy had left.

The attack itself, clearly, was evidence of the ascendancy of the aircraft carrier. Two Japanese fast battleships - Hiei and Kirishima - accompanied Vice Admiral Chūichi Nagumo's 1st Air Fleet as escorts for the Pearl Harbor attack, but weren't involved in any shooting. Aircraft from the six Japanese carriers - Akagi, Hiryū, Kaga, Shōkaku, Sōryū, and Zuikaku - did all the damage.

What was the ultimate cost to the United States Navy in capital ships? Here's what happened to all nine battleships, listed in order of their hull numbers, belonging to the Pacific Fleet on December 7, 1941.

I hope you take the time to read the whole thing.